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wall plate
A plate or wall plate is a horizontal, structural, load-bearing member in wooden building framing.
==Timber framing==
A plate in timber framing is "A piece of Timber upon which some considerable weight is framed...Hence Ground-Plate...Window-plate ()..." etc.〔Moxon, Joseph. ''Mechanick exercises, or, The doctrine of handy-works''. The 2nd ed. London: Printed and sold by J. Moxon, 1693, 1701. 163. Print.〕 Also called a wall plate,〔Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) © Oxford University Press 2009〕 raising plate,〔Sturgis, Russell. ''Sturgis' illustrated dictionary of architecture and building: an unabridged reprint of the 1901-2 edition''. 1901. Reprint. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 1989. 159. Print.〕 or top plate,〔Sherwood, Gerald E., and Robert C. Stroh. ''Wood-frame house construction''. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service :, 1989. 54. Print.〕 An exception to the use of the term plate for a large, load-bearing timber in a wall is the bressummer, a timber supporting a wall over a wall opening (see also: lintel).
The terms sole plate or sill plate are used for the members at the bottom of a wall at the foundation but are most often just called a ''sole'' or ''sill'' without the word ''plate''. Other load bearing timbers use the term plate but are not in the wall such as ''crown plate'', a purlin-like beam carried by crown posts in roof framing, and a ''purlin plate'' which supports common rafters.
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